What is Autistic Spectrum Disorder (Autism)?

Autistic Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how people communicate, interact with others, learn, and process sensory information. There are a wide range of symptoms and severity levels.

Some common traits include:

Autistic Spectrum Disorder replaces the previous diagnoses of Autism, Autism Spectrum and Asperger's Syndrome. Some people in the community prefer to simply call it Autism or Autistic Spectrum Condition, rather than disorder.

There are also a number of myths around ASD. Let's bust them.

What Are The Myths?

Autistic People Lack Empathy

Autism Is Caused By Vaccines

Autistic People Are All The Same

All Autistic People Are Geniuses/Savants

Everybody is Autistic These Days


How is Autism Diagnosed?

A medical doctor or multidisciplinary team usually diagnoses Autism Spectrum Disorder. Research suggests a prevalence rate of approximately 1 in 100 people in the UK, according to the National Autistic Society. Available data suggests that ASD is significantly under-diagnosed in women and girls.

To reach a diagnosis in children, they are assessed against criteria for social communication difficulties and restricted, repetitive behaviors using standardised assessments like the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), along with clinical observations and developmental history.

To reach a diagnosis, the individual must meet criteria in both domains and demonstrate that symptoms have been present since early childhood. For adults, a retrospective assessment of childhood behaviors and current difficulties is typically required. 

Who Assesses For Autism?

An ASD assessment might be carried out by one or a number of the below as part of a Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT):

It is best practice for a child to be assessed by multiple professionals, but where this is more straightforward this doesn't always happen. Even when your children isn't assessed by multiple professionals, they will discuss your child in an MDT meeting to consider multiple expert perspectives.

Every area in England has a commissioned ASD assessment service of some kind for under-18s provided by an NHS Trust or a community provider. Their waits are often long and so sometimes adults might choose to use NHS Right To Choose.

How Does Autism Develop?

The exact cause of ASD is not fully understood, but research suggests that it's a complex interplay of various factors:


How Is Autism Managed?

Advice for Adults Who Care for Young Autistic People

Remember, your child can't control their autism. They are not deliberately trying to be difficult or defiant. They perceive and experience the world differently, and certain behaviours may stem from sensory sensitivities, communication challenges, or difficulties with social interaction. They need understanding, patience, and support. Here are some tips for supporting your child:

Advice for Young Autistic People

Remember, you have autism. That's just a fact. That doesn't mean you're helpless, but it does mean that you may experience the world differently and face unique challenges. While there is no cure for autism, many management options can help you thrive. These may include:

National Resources

Resources in Hertfordshire